in 是 确定集合的
SELECT au_lname, state
FROM authors
WHERE state IN ('CA', 'IN', 'MD')
结果:
au_lname state
-------- ----
Yokomoto CA
DeFrance IN
Stringer CA
MacFeather CA
Karsen CA
Panteley MD
Hunter CA
all 是查询还可以是子查询
如:
select name from edit
其中name前省略了all.
name前可以加ALL|DISTINCT
all是所有记录.
distinct是不重复的。
带【any】的嵌套查询和【some】的嵌套查询功能是一样的。早期的SQL仅仅允许使用【any】,后来的版本为了和英语的【any】相区分,引入了【some】,同时还保留了【any】关键词。
any:
select emp.empno,emp.ename,emp.job,emp.sal from scott.emp where sal >any(select sal from scott.emp where job='MANAGER');
带any的查询过程等价于两步的执行过程。
(1)执行“select sal from scott.emp where job='MANAGER'”
select emp.empno,emp.ename,emp.job,emp.sal from scott.emp where sal >2975 or sal>2850 or sal>2450;
some:
select emp.empno,emp.ename,emp.job,emp.sal from scott.emp where sal =some(select sal from scott.emp where job='MANAGER');
带some的嵌套查询与any的步骤相同。
(1)子查询,执行“select sal from scott.emp where job='MANAGER'”,其结果如图4.22所示。
(2)父查询执行下列语句。
―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
select emp.empno,emp.ename,emp.job,emp.sal from scott.emp where sal =2975 or sal=2850 or sal=2450;
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sql中all,any,some用法实现语句,需要的朋友可以看下。
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